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Date Name Thumbnail Size User Description Versions
20:27, 16 April 2024 Field from parallel wires.png (file) 38 KB Lwcamp   2
15:45, 16 April 2024 Helical railgun.png (file) 174 KB Lwcamp   2
18:33, 15 April 2024 Keplerian orbit ground impulse.png (file) 60 KB Lwcamp Launch with an impulse delivered only at ground level puts a payload on an orbital trajectory that will always intersect the ground. 1
10:48, 13 April 2024 F15asm.png (file) 561 KB Tshhmon F-15 ASM-135 launch Paul E. Reynolds (USAF) 1
13:33, 12 April 2024 Laser-microchannel experiment.jpg (file) 3.88 MB Tshhmon   2
12:56, 11 April 2024 Astronomycosmology.png (file) 943 KB Tshhmon   1
09:34, 4 April 2024 Railgun projectile sabot separation 2.jpg (file) 65 KB Lwcamp The sabot separates from a hypervelocity railgun dart immediately after launch. 1
13:03, 3 April 2024 Hypervelocity projectile impact test.png (file) 443 KB Lwcamp   2
12:46, 3 April 2024 Railgun projectile sabot separation.png (file) 143 KB Lwcamp The sabot separates from a hypervelocity railgun dart immediately after launch. 1
12:36, 3 April 2024 HVP shrapnel separation.png (file) 258 KB Lwcamp A bursting charge disperses shrapnel sub-projectiles in a test of a railgun hypervelocity projectile. 1
12:01, 3 April 2024 Hypervelocity projectile.png (file) 60 KB Lwcamp BAE Systems railgun hypervelocity projectile, with (left) and without (right) its sabot. Images from Congressional Research Service report R44175, cropped, flipped, and rotated. https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44175/77 1
11:41, 3 April 2024 Railgun projectile 2.png (file) 36 KB Lwcamp Credit: Laura Guerin Source: cK-12 Foundation License: [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/ CC BY-NC 3.0] 1
11:40, 3 April 2024 Railgun projectile 1.jpg (file) 43 KB Lwcamp Reference: Fair, H. “Transitioning EM Railgun Technology to the Warfighter.” The University of Texas at Austin, May 2007. 1
09:06, 3 April 2024 EMRG prototype.png (file) 240 KB Lwcamp BAE prototype EMRG (electromagnetic railgun) prototype deomnstrator. Image from Congressional Research Service report R44175 https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44175/77 1
09:01, 3 April 2024 Naval Electromagnetic Railgun.png (file) 115 KB Lwcamp General Atomics prototype EMRG (electromagnetic railgun) prototype. Image from Congressional Research Service report R44175 https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/R/R44175/77 1
08:35, 3 April 2024 Railgun Firing Projectile.jpg (file) 111 KB Lwcamp Star Wars research: a railgun (Electromagnetic Launcher) fires a 0. 3 pound plastic projectile at 3 kilometers per second (7, 000 miles per hour) to completely penetrate a 1-inch steel target plate. The railgun is being developed at Maxwell Laboratories Inc. , San Diego, California, as part of the U. S. Government's research programme into space-based weapons capable of intercepting ballistic missiles - the Strategic Defense Initiative. Railguns use electromagnetism to accelerate a projectile... 1
08:24, 3 April 2024 Electromagnetic gun fire.jpg (file) 20 KB Lwcamp An electromagnetic railgun is fired at 10.64 megajoules with a muzzle velocity of 2,520 meters per second at Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren, Va., Jan. 31, 2008. Credit: U.S. Department of Defense https://www.defense.gov/Multimedia/Photos/igphoto/2001982027/ 1
14:12, 1 April 2024 Railgun simplified.png (file) 48 KB Lwcamp   3
11:18, 31 March 2024 Lorentz force current magnetic.png (file) 17 KB Lwcamp The force on a current due to a magnetic field. 1
11:17, 31 March 2024 Amperes circuit law.png (file) 37 KB Lwcamp The magnetic field (magenta) circulating around a cross sectional plane perpendicular to the direction of an infinite line of current (green). 1
17:24, 15 March 2024 Electrostatic active shielding 2.png (file) 80 KB Lwcamp Geometry optimized electrostatic shield design with negatively charged rods and positively charged plates. Design from Rajarshi Pal Chowdhury, Luke A. Stegeman, Matthew L. Lund, Dan Fry, Stojan Madzunkov, and Amir A. Bahadori, "Hybrid methods of radiation shielding against deep-space radiation", Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 38, 2023, Pages 67-78, ISSN 2214-5524, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2023.04.004. 1
14:10, 15 March 2024 Ltwormhole.jpg (file) 337 KB Tshhmon [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SuJ-2nTvAWo Still from a raytraced simulation of a long-throated wormhole, by Pablo Antonio Cano (YT).] 1
09:12, 14 March 2024 Magnetic shielding Halback Array.png (file) 308 KB Lwcamp A spacecraft with a Halback array for a shield. A Halback array is a sequence of magnets each rotated by 90 degrees from the previous, so that their fields add on one side and cancel on the other. By making the field cancel in the interior of the Halback ring, the habitation module can be kept relatively field-free. The magnetic fields are shown in magenta and the current loops in green. Design from Paolo Desiati and Elena D'Onghia, "CREW HaT: A Magnetic Shielding System for Space Habitats",... 1
21:05, 13 March 2024 Plasma shield.png (file) 353 KB Lwcamp A habitation module with a plasma shield. The section in in the shape of a torus, as is necessary for hybrid shielding but which also conveniently allows spin gravity. Superconductive cables under the hull hull carry high electric currents (shown in green) which make a magnetic field (shown in magenta) that cancels in the interior but adds outside the ring. The fields confine a cloud of electrons (shown in yellow) outside of the habitat. The habitat itself carries a high positive electric cha... 1
18:33, 2 March 2024 Elctrostatic active shielding.png (file) 88 KB Lwcamp One proposed design for a deployable elctrostatic shield, using thin conductive "balloons" that "inflate" into spheres once charged. Ram K. Tripathi, John W. Wilson, and Robert C. Youngquist, "Electrostatic Active Radiation Shielding - Revisited", 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference, Big Sky, MT, USA, 2006, pp. 9 pp.-, doi: 10.1109/AERO.2006.1655760. 1
16:18, 2 March 2024 Racetrack magnetic active shielding.png (file) 66 KB Lwcamp A spacecraft with the magnetic shield entirely confined inside a structure (in this case, the design is known as the "racetrack" configuration). Electric currents are shown in green, the magnetic field in magenta, and an example track of a radiation particle is in red. 1
16:17, 2 March 2024 Unconfined FRC magnetic active shielding.png (file) 100 KB Lwcamp A spacecraft shielded with an unconfined magnetic field, created by two simple current loops (green) with the resulting magnetic field shown in magenta. 1
09:42, 27 February 2024 Relativistic travel radiation penetration depth.png (file) 80 KB Lwcamp Stopping distance of protons in titanium and living tissue as a function of speed <math>\beta=v/c</math> relative to light speed. Oleg G. Semyonov, "Radiation Hazard of Relativistic Interstellar Flight", https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0610030 1
09:30, 27 February 2024 Relativistic travel unshielded dose rate.png (file) 60 KB Lwcamp The rate at which an unshielded individual will take radiation dose as a function of speed <math>\beta=v/c</math> relative to light speed. Oleg G. Semyonov, "Radiation Hazard of Relativistic Interstellar Flight", https://arxiv.org/pdf/physics/0610030 1
17:12, 25 February 2024 SEP shielding.png (file) 105 KB Lwcamp Relative dose of solar energetic particles as a function of thickness of aluminum and polyethylene shielding L.W. Townsend, J.H. Adams, S.R. Blattnig, M.S. Clowdsley, D.J. Fry, I. Jun, C.D. McLeod, J.I. Minow, D.F. Moore, J.W. Norbury, R.B. Norman, D.V. Reames, N.A. Schwadron, E.J. Semones, R.C. Singleterry, T.C. Slaba, C.M. Werneth, M.A. Xapsos, "Solar particle event storm shelter requirements for missions beyond low Earth orbit", Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 17 (2018), Pages 32-... 1
16:46, 25 February 2024 GCR Shielding comparison.png (file) 140 KB Lwcamp Comparison of aluminum, lunar regolith, and polyethyene shielding as a function of thickness at both solar maximum and solar minimum galactic cosmic ray conditions. Felix Horst, Daria Boscolo, Marco Durante, Francesca Luoni, Christoph Schuy, and Uli Weber, "Thick shielding against galactic cosmic radiation: A Monte Carlo study with focus on the role of secondary neutrons", Life Sciences in Space Research, Volume 33 (2022), Pages 58-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lssr.2022.03.003. 1
14:59, 25 February 2024 Solar flare shielding Poly.png (file) 120 KB Lwcamp Relative dose of solar flare x-rays for a given thickness of polymer shielding. Different curves show different flare spectral distributions of x-rays. David S. Smith and John M. Scalo, "Risks due to X-ray flares during astronaut extravehicular activity", Space Weather vol. 5, S06004, doi:10.1029/2006SW000300 (2007) https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006SW000300 1
14:56, 25 February 2024 Solar flare shielding Al.png (file) 125 KB Lwcamp Relative dose of solar flare x-rays for a given thickness of aluminum shielding. Different curves show different flare spectral distributions of x-rays. David S. Smith and John M. Scalo, "Risks due to X-ray flares during astronaut extravehicular activity", Space Weather vol. 5, S06004, doi:10.1029/2006SW000300 (2007) https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1029/2006SW000300 1
10:21, 25 February 2024 Regolith Shielding.png (file) 117 KB Lwcamp Relative effect of radiation (compared to no shielding) behind different thicknesses of water, aluminum, and lunar regolith. Tony C. Slaba, "Radiation Shielding for Lunar Missions: Regolith Considerations", LSIC Crosstalk 7/18/2022 https://lsic.jhuapl.edu/uploadedDocs/focus-files/1604-E&C%20+%20EE%20Monthly%20Meeting%20-%202022%2007%20July_Presentation%20-%20NASA%20Slaba.pdf 1
21:24, 24 February 2024 GCR Thick Shielding Atmospheric.png (file) 165 KB Lwcamp Dose rates for atmospheric shielding. Robert C. Youngquist, Mark A. Nurge, Stanley O. Starr, Steven L. Koontz, "Thick galactic cosmic radiation shielding using atmospheric data", Acta Astronomica <b>94</b> (2014) 132-138 https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi=6b1a8887b05a92afd074e5b935a8bd5148dfc8d9 1
19:37, 24 February 2024 GCR Shielding Effectiveness.png (file) 220 KB Lwcamp Relative effect of radiation on biological tissue behind a given density of material. The results of two models are shown. On the left is the standard risk assessment method using quality factor as a function of linear energy transfer. On the right is a track structure repair kinetic model for mouse cells. W. Schimmerling <i>et al.</i>, "Shielding Against Galactic Cosmic Rays", Adv. Space Res. Vol. 17 No. 2 pp. (2)31-(2)36 (1996) 1
17:55, 23 February 2024 Planetary magnetic field and radiation belts.png (file) 115 KB Lwcamp   3
10:46, 23 February 2024 Dose rate at Ganymede and Europa with shielding.png (file) 99 KB Lwcamp Dose rate at Europa and Ganymede orbit for different amounts of shielding. Podzolko, M.V.; Getselev, I.V. (March 8, 2013). [https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=32688.0;attach=541277 "Radiation Conditions of a Mission to Jupiterʼs Moon Ganymede"]. International Colloquium and Workshop "Ganymede Lander: Scientific Goals and Experiments. IKI, Moscow, Russia: Moscow State University. 1
10:32, 23 February 2024 Jupiter radiation environment.png (file) 132 KB Lwcamp Radiation dose rate with distance from Jupiter's center, as measured in Jupiter radii. Podzolko, M.V.; Getselev, I.V. (March 8, 2013). [https://forum.nasaspaceflight.com/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=32688.0;attach=541277 "Radiation Conditions of a Mission to Jupiterʼs Moon Ganymede"]. International Colloquium and Workshop "Ganymede Lander: Scientific Goals and Experiments. IKI, Moscow, Russia: Moscow State University. 1
21:53, 21 February 2024 Proton energy spectra Van Allen belt.png (file) 99 KB Lwcamp Typical proton energy spectra for the inner Van Allen belt for magnetic shells extending to various distances as measured in Earth radii from Earth's center. 1
22:47, 19 February 2024 Proton Energy Spectra Space Radiation.png (file) 161 KB Lwcamp Proton energy spectra at 1 AU, showing the increase in solar energetic particles during solar particle events. SEP = solar energetic particle, GCR = galactic cosmic ray. 1
19:57, 17 February 2024 Cosmic ray flux versus particle energy.svg (file) 113 KB Lwcamp By Sven Lafebre - own work, after Swordy[1] and De Angelis[2], CC BY-SA 2.5, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1555202 1
09:11, 9 October 2023 ZerraspaceProposalchart.png (file) 548 KB Tshhmon   1
09:10, 9 October 2023 ExampleAtomicRocketsSpecsTable.png (file) 66 KB Tshhmon   1
09:35, 27 July 2023 SimpFixedLeng.png (file) 68 KB Phoenix   2
08:57, 27 July 2023 SimpGunExpRatio.png (file) 58 KB Phoenix   1
21:43, 26 July 2023 Photon pack.png (file) 61 KB Lwcamp   1
19:13, 28 June 2023 Spiral trajectory in.png (file) 87 KB THESABERLION Diagram showing a solar sail in a spiral trajectory, moving to a lower orbit around the Sun. 1
19:06, 28 June 2023 Spiral trajectory.png (file) 86 KB THESABERLION Diagram showing the trajectory of a sail accelerating in a spiral trajectory outward around the Sun 1
13:25, 28 June 2023 Displaced orbit.png (file) 102 KB THESABERLION Diagram showing a displaced, non-Keplerian orbit, possible by not only using gravity of the Sun, but also the application of thrust from a thruster or a solar sail. 1
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